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HPV, which stands for Human Papillomavirus, is a family of viruses. It can affect the mouth, throat, and genital areas. The types of HPV that affect the hands and face are different from those that affect the genital area. HPV may not show any symptoms, which is why some tests are necessary. HPV viruses generally do not manifest with symptoms. However, some types of HPV can lead to significant problems. HPV can cause genital warts and, in some cases, lead to cancer. Vaccination and screening tests are important for early diagnosis and treatment.
HPV typically does not cause symptoms. Some types of HPV can cause warts, while others can be detected through the Pap smear test. In women, changes can occur in different areas depending on where it develops. On the skin, it can resemble the appearance of cauliflower-like growths.
HPV can be transmitted through skin contact since the virus can be present and active on the skin. The risk of transmission through contact is quite high. The transmission of viruses located in the genital area occurs through sexual contact. After sexual intercourse, there is a high likelihood of transmission to partners. HPV can also survive in the external environment, although rarely. In very rare cases, it can be transmitted from shared facilities such as toilets and public baths. Additionally, HPV can be transmitted through shared clothing that comes into contact with the genitals.
We mentioned that HPV can be transmitted through sexual contact. HPV transmitted directly through sexual contact can remain dormant for a period ranging from 2 months to 6 years. It should be noted that this period may vary in each individual. At the end of this period, warts may appear in the genital area, anus, and other areas. These warts can sometimes progress to the groin area.
While genital warts can be easily detected through observation, a biopsy is performed for a definitive diagnosis. For these reasons, they can also lead to penile cancers. Although rare, they can also lead to rectal cancers. It is important to see a urologist for an examination and undergo necessary treatments without delay.
Having multiple sexual partners is among the factors that can increase the risk of HPV transmission. Other reasons may include early sexual activity and unsafe sexual relationships. Unfortunately, condoms do not provide 100% protection against HPV. The most commonly preferred method for genital warts is burning off the warts. Lesions are removed with this procedure. Another method involves freezing with liquid nitrogen. In addition to these, laser surgery can also yield satisfactory results.
The first step should always be prevention in the treatment of condyloma. The most effective treatment options for HPV include starting HPV vaccination after adolescence. Apart from this, it is essential to abstain from sexual intercourse during the active period of genital warts.